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THE RULES IN TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

 

THE RULES IN TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

 

Hey Guys,

 

Here with the series of stuff in DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH….

There are some important rules in the transformation of Sentences from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech

 

ONLY IN INFORMAL ENGLISH CONTEXT IS REQUIRED

 

 

1.   Context (Situation when/where you are talking)

THE RULES IN TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH



Eg: You are telling your friend about the conversation between Aravind and Priya

When you are talking about a conversation between Aravind and Priya far away at some other shop from the book shop where the conversation between Aravind and Priya took place.

 DIRECT SPEECH: Aravind said to Priya, “This book is worth it.”

 

INDIRECT SPEECH: Aravind told Priya that that book is worth it.

When you are talking about this conversation between Aravind and Priya at the same book shop near the same book where the conversation between Aravind and Priya took place.

 

DIRECT SPEECH: Aravind said to Priya, “This book is worth it.”

INDIRECT SPEECH: Aravind told Priya that this book is worth it.

Thus depending upon the context wherein you are quoting the words of another person’s conversation matters a lot. But Generally in school grammar you directly change the Conversation from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech with the following rules.

 

IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR (FORMAL ENGLISH) FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN “CONTEXT” IS NOT REQUIRED

2.  The tense of the verb should be changed 

 

                            PRESENT TENSE

DIRECT SPEECH 

INDIRECT SPEECH/ REPORTED SPEECH

Simple Present 

Simple Past

Present Continuous /Progressive 

Past Continuous/ Progressive

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Present Perfect Progressive 

Past Perfect Progressive

 

 
 
 
                            PAST TENSE 
 

DIRECT SPEECH 

INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Past 

Past Perfect 

Past Progressive                           

Past Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect

Remains same(No changes )

Past Perfect Progressive

Remains same(No changes)

 

 
                  
 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 

 

 

 

 

               Will                    

              Would                

               Shall

             Should

               Can 

              Could 

               May 

              Might
 
 

                  FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

 
 

            Will/Shall be         

               Would be          

 

                   
         FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE                    
 

      Will/Shall have been    

        Would have been    

 

 
 
 
3. The Pronouns should be changed
 
     1. The first-person pronouns like I, my, me, we, us  are changed according to the subject of the reporting verb 
 
 
Eg: 
Direct Speech: She said to Priya, “My book is the best “
 
Indirect Speech:  She told Priya that her book is the best.
 
 
     2. The second-person pronouns like you, your, yours are changed according to the object of the reporting verb.
 
 
THE RULES IN TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

 

 
 
Eg: Direct Speech: Arun said to Aravind, “I like your house plan”
      Indirect Speech: Arun told Aravind that he liked his house plan.
 
 
     3. The Third person pronouns like he, she, it, they and their various forms remain unchanged.
 
 
Eg: Direct Speech: Priya said to Nilan, “He is a good boy.”
      Indirect Speech: Priya told Nilan that he is a good boy
 
 
4. The words referring to the time should be changed.
 
 

         DIRECT SPEECH         

INDIRECT SPEECH 

                This 

         That

               These

        Those

                Here

        There

 

 
These rules are used generally in the transformation of  Assertive sentences…..For the other kinds of sentences, we will see other rules for the transformation of interrogative, imperative sentences in the upcoming posts
 
Oh!! Wasn’t that amazing and interesting, hold the feeling for more learning on this casual and most essential topic in FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR…
 
 
Catch you soon…..
Janet